Electric power system



5 l D t 9., m D 4 u C S 5, t PL 1.. C 2 w al c Mw E T S2 NR e AW F K O dD.. e ...n 1 Ci I F JM 1 C a E n Li E E .l r 0 Aug. ll, 1925.

. RUN/V//VG A7' NOR/VAL. .SPEE

, Aug'. 11,1925.

1,549,005 J. J. KANE ELECTRIC PowER SYSTEM original Filed Feb. E, 1920lV-2snee'cs-sheet 2- SPEE START/N6 (//VE/Y FUL LOAD SPEE /6 /9 29 l l a L/Z l C) C) C) Q 7` G Patented Aug. 1l, i925.

unirse JOHN J. KANE, 0F MILWAUKEE, "WISCONSN, ASSIGNOR T0 ALLS-CHALIEERSMANU- FACTURNG CGMPIQ'Y, 0F MLI'AUKEE, ISCGNSEN, COBIPURATION OF DELA,-

WARE

ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM.

Application filed February 2, 1920, Serial No. 356,181.

To ZZ wlw/my if may concern.'

Be it known that JOHN (l. lANn, a citizen ot' the United States otAmerica, residinf); at Milwaukee, in the county of liilwaukee and Stateof lWisconsin, has invented a certain new and usei'ul improvement inElectric Power Systems, ot which the rollowing is a specification.

rlhis invention relates in general to electrical power and distributionsystems, and has particular relation to devices or appa` ratus torregulating generators driven by prime movers, such as engines orturbines, and connected to supply variable loa-ds, es* pecially wherethere is a tendency for the generator driving` means to operate at aspeed dependent upon the load.

ln certain installations, as where a steam turbine drives a generator,usually through a direct connection therewith., `tor supplying` avariable electrical load, such as lights on a railroad train or thelocomotive thereof, some means are desirable for regulating orlimiting;` the speed ot the turbine on the loss ot a portion of thegenerator load, and also on an appreciable increase in the steampressure at the turbine inlet. lt will be obvious that, it the generatorwere permitted to operate at an increased speed on the removal et a.portion ot its normal load or on an increase in pressure at the inlet ofthe turbine, the voltaire on the lamps or other transhiting,v devicesconstituting the load on the generator might risc to a dangerously highvalue, and this is especially the case where the load comprises lamps oithe incandescent type, where a voltage variation ot less than l0% may behighly in. irious to the lite of the lamps. Y

Any ot the prior art systems oi control, involving` the adjustment ot'aControlling valve at the inlet ot the prime mover in response tocharacteristic ot the energy supplied by the ,Qjenerator driven by theprime mover, is, at most, ot only limited application in the control ofa prime mover of the character described above, wherein there is anextreme tendency to run away upon the removal oi load from thegenerator, and this is especially the case with small turbinedriven setssuch as lind their greatest present utility in furnishing power forlocomotive lights.

Renewed ctober 12, 1923.

ln accordance with the present invention, improved means are providedtor regulating the output of the generator automatically in response toan operating characteristic ot the generator, the general operatingeffect of the regulating means being to maintain a characteristic, suchas the voltage, of the energy supplied by the generator, substantiallyconstant independently of any tend ency of the prime mover driving thegenerator to operate at a variable speed dependent upon the load on thegenerator. The invention includes the utilization oi this automaticallyresponsive means to vary the opening of a normally open throttle in theinlet to the prime mover. This latter teature, the normally openthrottle, is oi con siderable utility as an element of the invention,tor it is extremely desirable that once having; opened the inlet to theturbine by means ot a hand valve, ordinarily located in the cab of alocomotive, it is desirable that the inasrimun'i pressure and amount ofworking fluid be admitted to the turbine so as to bring the latter up tonormal speed as quickly as possible independently oit the amount ot'load that may have been put upon the generator prior to the latterattaining normal speed and voltage.

.t an object of this invention to pro vide a system embodying improvedmeans for regulating! a generator connected to supply a variable load.

is an object of this invention to provide. improved regulating means torsystcm comprising a generator driven by a prime mover having an inherenttendency to increase its speed on loss oi load. the repulating meansbeing operative to maintain substantially constant an operating;characteristic of the energy supplied bythe gen# erator iiniependentlyot the load thereon7 and wherein a characteristic of the wmelting;` Huidadmitted to the prime mover automatically caused to vary in response tovariations in a characteristic ot the generator.

lt is a 'further object ot this invention to provide improved regulatingmeans tor varying' the supply of working` vfluid to the turbine ot theset in a-system ot the character described, wherein the regulating,-means are automatically responsive to a characteristic of the electricalload on the generator oli' the set and the pressure et the Working tluidat the turbine inlet.

It is a further Object ot this invention to provide improved regulatingmeans 'lor a system ot the character described wherein anelectromagnetic element differentially responsive to the current andvoltage ot the generator ot the set is utilized for causing variationiii the supply ot' Working fluid admitted to the engine et the set.

lt is a further object oi this invention to provide an improvedregulating apparatus for a system ot the character described wherein anelectromagnetic device dillerentially responsive to the current andvoltage ot the generator ot the set is utilized toi' causing the supplyot Working lfluid to the engine or turbine to vary in response to theelectrical load on the generator, while permitting admission oli amaximum or desired amount oit Working fluid to the turbine dur-- ing thestarting ol the saine independently oft the load upon the generatorduring such starting period.

These and other objects are attained by this invention, the variousnovel features ot' which will .appear 'lroin the description anddrawing., disclosing one or more embodiments oit the invention, and willbe particularly pointed out in the claims.

ln the accompanying drawings:

Fig. l is a diagrammatic vien7 ot a. system embodying Yleatures oll thisinvention.

Fig. 2 is a graphic showing of the operating characteristics il? thesystem ot Fig. l

' the set is running at normal speed.

i. x," and 5 are graphic showings oli operating characteristics oll thesystem ot Fig. l, when starting under iio-load, haltload and 'lull-loud,resi'iectively.

ll ig. G is a diagrammatic vieiv showing a modilicatioii ot the systemot Fig. l.

ln the system disclosed diagi'ammatically in Fig. l, a generator G,shoivn diagrammatirally, is driven by a prime mover, such as a turbineT, being preferably mounted upon the sanie shatt therewith. Vlie shuntlield ot the generator is indicated at ll and the ieieries lield at lf2.the machine terminals being` properly connected to the distributioncircuit n., if, which supplies. energy to a variable load, indicated atli. rlie turbine 'll is. pro'=,'iiled with an inlet fil, and there maybe .ated therein 'valve iieans l o'li any suitable and desiredeliaaicter 'tor permitting an operator to regulate at will the amount olwein-Ling fluid admittei'l to the turbine the pressure ot such workingliu o. Tl., regulating cil controlling means is disposed iii a positionreadily accessible to an ope atei, such as the eab o'lf a. locomotive,and a second regulating or controlling controlling valve 14 which, torpurposes of description, may best be considered as oil the butterl'lytype, although a needle or other type et valve might be more suitableiii actual operation.

ll/leaiis. ifor actuatiiigl the inlet valve il, here shoivn in itsYl'ull open poil-ation, so as to variablj.' close or throttle the inlet`is indiated generally at A. The actuating' device here slioivn comprisesan electro-magnet haring a stationary magnetizable or lield element iiiand a movable element lG adapted to be moif'ed into position wherein iteiectively bridges a gap between polar poi'- tions o'l." the tixedelement l5. 'ihe magnetic dei ice is energized by a Wiiuling l'f' inseries with the distribution circuit a, fr and a second winding i8 inshunt to such distribution circuit. These ivindiiu-"s are oit suchdesign and so disposed in a uillerential ari-anLa ment as to exert equaland opposite inagnetizing el'lects upon the member l5. when the loadupon the generator Gf, this load being indicated by the lan'ips L, isnormal or maximum. The movable magnetic. element ll' is l'iiedly mountedupon the shalit Ylil which is mechanically connected to the throttlevalve l?- to actuate the latter on movement oli the element 1G. frspring or equivalent ineens may be provided to bias the element lil andthe valve lil: to a` position wherein the passage through the inlet iJlopen to niaiiniuin extent, a part ot the opeiatingI mechanism being heldat this time against a stop 23.

n the operation el? the system, we may assume that the set is operatingat noriiiai speed and that n'iaciinuiin or normal load is upon thegenerator. it this time, the inagnetir/.ing cli'ects ol the windingsy l?and itl are equal and opposite, and hence no mechanical clliect isexercised upon the throttle valve ist, the same being held iii itsnormal full-open position, as by means oli the siii-ing 2l. iisincrements oi loan are reuioved 'trom the generator circuit, the ampereturns and niagnetiziiig ellect oli the vv'inding l? are the ebydecreasedn and the inagnetizaing etteo due to the Winding i8 thuspredomiiiates to cause opera.AV ii o ll the ii'iorable elean" st theaction ol the spring 2l, to au emei sullcient to reduce the amount otWerl-Ti lliiid admitted to the turbine lo a.

reouired degree., thus causing the turbine to operate at the normal anddesired speed which produces normal voltage on the geneiH tor and theload coniieircd thereto. ,lt will be apparent that. as, load continuesto lie reinziied 'troni the generator, the inagiietiziiig eli'ert ot thevoltage coil lil predoniiiiates to an increasing degree and causesrior-iure ot the valve l-l to its point et miniiiunn opening.cori'esiiondiiig to that which permits the admission et only enoughivorlrllll Illll lll:

ingi tluid to cause the turbine T to operate at normal speed when thereis no load on the generator.

ln a corresponding,l manner, it will be apparent that, as increments otload are connected in the generator' circuit, the eiiect or" the voltagecoil 18 is counteracted to a varying` degree to permit opening,` ot thevalve 14l by the spring 21 to an extent sutlicient to cause the turbineto operate at the normal and desired speed to maintain normal voltage onthe generator.

fl decided advantage ot the present combination is that the valve isclosed to its greatest extent only when there is no load on thegenerator. This insures that, during starting ot the set, there isalways available at the turbine an amount ot ivorliinn fluid sutlicientto bringv the set up to normal speed independently or the load on theset during starting.

Fig. 2 shows graphically the variation in ampere turns ot the currentcoil 1'? and the voltage coil 18, and hence the magnetizing` effects duethereto and the resultant etl'ective Ytluli: in the electromagneticdevice A, and the variation in the erator voltage and the opening ot thethrottle valve at the turbine inlet as the load on the generator varies,with the set running at normal speed.

3 shows graphically the variation in ampere turns ot the enero-mingcoils 1'4" and 18 and the resultant e tive flux, and the generatorvoltage and tur ottle valve opening)T as the set is started, With noload on the `generator.

Fig. 4l shows graphically the characteristics ot the set duringstarting, With oneliall' normal load on the generator.

Fig. 5 shows graphically the characteristics ot the set during;starting, With full or normal load on the generator.

From a consideration oit the graphs ot Figs. 2, 3, 4, and 5, it will beseen that the throttle valve will always remain open to an extent whichinsures a maximum degree oi: acceleration under all conditions ofgenerator load, Again, as indicated by the ef;-

it hand portions ot the curves ot 9 an increase ot the load appreciablyabove normal, as in the case of a short circuit, is etective to causethe current coil to predominate to an increasinnl degree and causeclosure et the valve lfl, with consequent decrease ot speed and voltage,thus bringing the current down to a value which may not he harmful tothe apparatus.

ln the modilied system F G, a relinement has been ded Whi ch takes careot any eis-ess voltaire due to at: rease in the pressure ot the Workingfluid above normal at the turbine inlet. An. electromagnetic device 2lincludes a stationary magnetizable element and a movable element 26similar to the movable element 16 and co-operative with polar portionsot' one path 2? through the stationary element. rlhe thin producing part28 ot the stationary element is provided With a magnetiaingg Winding 29connected across the terminals ot the generator and carrying currentresponsive to the voltage thereo't. n uixiliary magnetic path ot reducedcross-sectional arca is in ,uirallel to the path The dimensions of thepath 31 are such that the later becomes magnetically saturated ivhen thevoltage ot the generator is normal.. Up to this time, the this producedby the Winding 29 is ineitective to produce. suliicient torque upon themovable element 26 to cause actuation thereof, due to the tact that themaa'netic reluctance ot the path 27 is much greater than that ot thepath 31, and hence substantially the ent-ire tlux passes through thispath 81.

'i he movable element 9,6 is secured to the sna'lit 19, and any 'linxpassing` through the element .26 and the polar pieces of pat-h 27 iseffective to exert a turning momenton the shaft 19 in a directioncorresponding to closure ot the throttle valve 14;. By proper design otthis electromagnetic device 2li, no appreciable torque is exercised uponthe shatt 19 While the speed and, hence, the voltage or the generator isnormal, and an excess voltage is effective to exert an additionaltorque, dependent upon the magnitude ot the voltage, on the shatt 19,which, at least, insures limiting the speed and consequent voltage toone that the translatingv devices on the distribution circuit can satelvstand, and this regulating or controlling; erfect in response to excessvoltage is exercised independently ot the load on the generator.

lt will be apparent that in accordance with this invention, adistribution system is provided wherein the prime mover driving thegenerator which supplies a variable electrical load is caused tomaintain a substantially constant speed and, hence, a substantiallyconstant voltage on the generator independently of the electrical loadon the generator, and this While insuring that the set may readily bebrought up to normal speed independently ot the amount ot electricalload on the generator at the time. The feature ot contro-lling' themachines in response to joint etlects oi" the current and voltage undercertain conditions ot opcration and in further response to etl'ects otvoltage alone under other conditions oit operation, is beingl moregenerically claimed in applicants copendinp; application Ser. No.42,104, tiled July 24%, 1915.

lt should be understood that it is not desired that the inventionclaimed be limited to the exact details ot construction or to use in theparticular embodiment or Jform shown and described, tor obviousmodilications and other uses will occur to a person skilled in the art.

llli

to seeure ha' load on said generator, said ineans being diierentiallyresponsive to the Current and voltage olf sait generator andadditimialljv responsive to variations ot said voltage above nornial.

2. lin eoniliination, an engine, a generator driven thereby, a` variableeleotrieal load connected to be supplied b v said nerator, and elftroinagnetieallv-aetuated inean--i for controlling said generator. saidlneans eoinprising a magnetic lield element and a pluralitj,7 oldillerentiall)v arranged energizing windings theretor, one ol saidvviudii ing responsive, to the (.-urrent and another said windings beingrr-ponsive to the voltage of said generator, said ineans additionallyresponsive to radiations o" voltage above. normal.

S. ln eon'ibination, an engine, a generator driven thereby and connectedto suppl;v a variable load, and ineans tor 'ontrollinf the speed olfsaid generator autor:iatieallv in respousel to eharaeteristies ot theeletl .'ieal load on said generator, said means coniprising a pluralityvol electroinaenetieallv actuated devices, one ot said dei ees beingoperable in response to dillerential elteots ot the Current and voltageot said generator and the other ot said devices being' operable onlyv inresponse to variations in eff.- eess voltage oi said generator, and athrottle elen'ient for said engine under the ljoint Control oi both otsaid devices.

fl. ln eon'ibination, an engine, a generator driven thereby aufeonneeted to supply a variable load, and ineans tor rontrolline thespeed ot said engine and comprising a unitarilv operable,eleetroinagnetiCallv-aetuated apparatus energized by di (7 rentiallj,1arranged voltage and Current ivindinfr and a second voltage nf'inding,the latt voltage Winding erzereising its controlling etiteet onlv inresponse to eeess voltage.

In combination, a prinie inover, a generator driven thereby andeonneotible to supply a variable load7 and means for oon- 'trolling thespeed and voltage ot said generatoi,4 said controlling .means Comprisingeleetroinagnetirally-actuated instrunifmtalities operative to controlthe suppl)Y ol" inotive tluid to said prune inover, saidinstrun'ientalities being responsive to dil'lerential efl'eets ot theeuri-ent and voltage oi" said generator and being` further responsive tothe eitli'eet olf one voltage alone.

and i* a charaeteristie oi) the Current in the c ierator, saideontrolline i, eleetroniaw netieallvaotuated instruineinahties responsive to diillerential elleets oi the Current and voltage ot thegenerator eireuit and lrrther responsive to the ell'i'eet ot one evoltage alone indepeinlentliv et the euri-.ent in said circuit.

ln eoinbiiuition, an engine.` a generator driven thereby, and nieansAtor controlling' a characteristic oit the current in the eireut olisaid generator. said Controlling njieans eoniprising a device l rregulating the sup plv oli motive lluid to said eng ae. and eleentroinagnetioallj. actuated .instrunentalilie, for operating saidregulating deviee, said instruinentalities being responsive lo the loadon said generator u'hii the voltage thereof substantialljvY remains at apredeterniined uorinal value and being Vfurther responsive to theelieets ot' excess voltage inirepondentlvY oi the load on the generatm'.

il. lin eon'ibination, an engine, a generator adapted to be driventhereby, a v. able eleetrieal load adapted to be supplied bv saidgenerator, and ineans tor controlling` said generator, said ineansinclud ing instruinent-alities responsive to the load on said generatorWhile the voltage thereon substantialljvY remains at a predeterninednorinal value, and ineans responsive to the oeeurrenee ot voltage inexcess ol said normal value independently ot the value ot the load onsaid generator tor exerig'ising a eontrolling etileet upon the throttleoit said engine.

9. In combination. an engine, a generator driven thereby, a variableeleetrioz'il load adapted to be supplied bv said generator, and meansiter controlling the power ot' said engine, said nioans (.on'iprising anelectroinagnetiealijf-antoated device including relativol7 rotatablelield and armature elements, and a. Controlling element aetuatable.thereby in response to the load ou thev reuerator oireuit underconditions ol normal voltage thereon, and additionall),Y in re spense toexcess speed o'if said generator.

l0. In combination, an engine, a generator driven therebyY andeoizneoted to supply av variable load, and means vfor controlling thespeed ot said engine, said eontrolling ineans comprisingele-stromagnetieallvactuated iiistrunientalities respori ve to dil'ferential e'li'eets ol current and voltage in the Circuit ol saidgenerator and to the e'i'ffeet of excess voltage independently et saidCurrent.

In testimony .vhereot, the signature ol the inventor is ali'xed hereto.

JOHN J. KANE.

(l. In eon'ibination. a generator,

means for eoiurollin:

